What Is Grammar

Hear the word  glamour  and what comes to mind? Celebrities, most likely—limousines and red carpets, swarms of paparazzi and more money than sense. But, odd as it may sound,  glamour  comes directly from a decidedly less glamorous word—grammar. During the Middle Ages,  grammar  was often used to describe learning in general, including the magical, occult practices popularly associated with the scholars of the day. People in Scotland pronounced  grammar  as glam-our, and extended the association to mean magical beauty or enchantment. In the 19th century, the two versions of the word went their separate ways, so that our study of English grammar today may not be  quite  as glamorous as it used to be. But the question remains: what  is  grammar? Descriptive Grammar and Prescriptive Grammar There are two common definitions of grammar: The systematic study and description of a language.A set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language, usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language. Descriptive grammar (definition #1) refers to the structure of a language as its actually used by speakers and writers. Prescriptive grammar (definition #2) refers to the structure of a language as certain people think it should be used. Both kinds of grammar are concerned with rules—but in different ways. Specialists in descriptive grammar (called linguists) study the rules or patterns that underlie our use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. On the other hand, prescriptive grammarians (such as most editors and teachers) lay out rules about what they believe to be the â€Å"correct† or â€Å"incorrect† use of language. (See What Is a SNOOT?) Interfacing With Grammar To illustrate these different approaches, lets consider the word interface. The descriptive grammarian would note, among other things, that the word is made up of a common prefix (inter-) and a root word (face) and that it’s currently used as both a noun and a verb. The prescriptive grammarian, however, would be more interested in deciding whether or not it is â€Å"correct† to use interface as a verb. Heres how the prescriptive Usage Panel at The American Heritage Dictionary passes judgment on interface: The Usage Panel has been unable to muster much enthusiasm for the verb. Thirty-seven percent of Panelists accept it when it designates the interaction between people in the sentence The managing editor must interface with a variety of freelance editors and proofreaders. But the percentage drops to 22 when the interaction is between a corporation and the public or between various communities in a city. Many Panelists complain that interface is pretentious and jargony. Similarly, Bryan A. Garner, author of The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style, dismisses interface as jargonmongers talk. By their nature, all popular style and usage guides are prescriptive, though to varying degrees: some are fairly tolerant of deviations from standard English; others can be downright cranky. The most irascible critics are sometimes called the Grammar Police. Though certainly different in their approaches to language, both kinds of grammar--descriptive and prescriptive—are useful to students. The Value of Studying Grammar The study of grammar all by itself wont necessarily make you a better writer. But by gaining a clearer understanding of how our language works, you should also gain greater control over the way you shape words into sentences and sentences into paragraphs. In short, studying grammar may help you become a more effective writer. Descriptive grammarians generally advise us not to be overly concerned with matters of correctness: language, they say, isnt good or bad; it simply is. As the history of the glamorous word grammar demonstrates, the English language is a living system of communication, a continually evolving affair. Within a generation or two, words and phrases come into fashion and fall out again. Over centuries, word endings and entire sentence structures can change or disappear. Prescriptive grammarians prefer giving practical advice about using language: straightforward rules to help us avoid making errors. The rules may be over-simplified at times, but they are meant to keep us out of trouble—the kind of trouble that may distract or even confuse our readers. Quotes About Grammar ​Grammar  is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language. It can help foster precision, detect ambiguity, and exploit the richness of expression available in English. And it can help everyone—not only teachers of English, but teachers of anything, for all teaching is ultimately a matter of getting to grips with meaning.  (David Crystal, In Word and Deed. TES Teacher, April 30, 2004) It is necessary to know grammar, and it is better to write grammatically than not, but it is well to remember that grammar is common  speech  formulated.  Usage  is the only test.  (William Somerset Maugham,  The Summing Up, 1938)

Disorders and Treatments for Depression Essays - 1436 Words

This paper will have two sections: The first section will be a brief explanation on what is depression. In addition, what is the percentage of depress people in the United States. Furthermore, it will discuss in details several theories that are best suited to treat depression disorder. Moreover, the theories that will be briefly discussed are as follows: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). The second section will be a summary of a counseling session the learner had with a client and the treatment that was given to help alleviate and ceased the depression from reoccurring. Depression is considered a mental disorder that can lead an individual to commit suicide, experiment fatal†¦show more content†¦23). The good news about an individual being depress is that he or she can be cure from this state of mind. Also, in addition to medication, literature reviews states an individual receiving therapy alone or combined with other therapies can be successful in the individual regaining his or her confidence in life. Additionally, Williamson (2008) stated, â€Å"Psychotherapies involving short-term, goal-oriented approaches aimed at specific interpersonal problems such as unresolved grief, role transitions, interpersonal role disputes, and interpersonal deficits, which may trigger depressive episodes, have become very effective antidepressant therapy, especially when combined with antidepressant drug therapy† (Pp. 24). While depression is favorably curable, some types of depression may not be avoidable. Thats because depression may be activated by a biological deficiency intellectually. Theories of Counseling This section of the paper will briefly discuss and explain in short the following theories of counseling: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT). Cognitive therapy concentrates on thoughts and thinking patterns; CBT concentrates on the individual’s existing behavior, and interpersonal therapy concentrates on existing relationships. Cognitive therapy (CT) is a form of psychotherapy that was developed in the early 1960 by Aaron T. Beck. Cognitive Therapy isShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression Disorder925 Words   |  4 Pagesdepressive disorder. She has twice attempted suicide, both times she was under the influence of alcohol and took pills (two handfuls of ibuprofen). She reports to you that she often thinks about â€Å"not wanting to be here [alive].† What questions would you ask her? What are things you would consider about her case? What would you report to her prescriber? As her counselor, what wo uld you want to work on? Diagnosis (Questions you would ask to get a diagnosis): Being that depression disorder is the mostRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Treatment Of Bipolar Depression1098 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipants searched had a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder according to DSM-IV (Zhang et al., 2013). This literature review found, the following: â€Å"Antidepressant medications did not offer statistical benefits when compared with placebo in the short-term phase† (Zhang et al., 2013, p. 11). This statement is relevant to answering question 1: Can at any time antidepressants be used safely in Bipolar disorder? When considering treatment of Bipolar depression, there was no statistical benefit of an antidepressantRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder And Treatment Of Severe Depression Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThough she is initially visits Baer for treatment of severe depression, in the next four years it will become incredibly clear that Karen suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder, or, more commonly known, Multiple Personality Disorder. The rest of her treatment becomes dedicated to uncovering the reasons her mind has constructed these personalities and reveal the truth hidden in the periods of time she’s lost. Karen suffers from Dissociative Identity Disorder, a mental illness characterized by â€Å"Read More The Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Versus Unipolar Depression2471 Words   |  10 PagesDiagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Versus Unipolar Depression Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disorder, but unfortunately our collective knowledge of this mental illness is not extensive. Unlike depression, where patients are strictly sullen and deeply blue, the bipolar patient experiences that same depression only flanked by extreme highs—a hyperactivity and increase in serotonin. It is this inconsistency in mood—a clinical mood swinging, that makes bipolar disorder so difficultRead MoreTreatment Plans And Interventions For Depression And Anxiety Disorders : An Article Analysis721 Words   |  3 Pagessecond edition of Treatment Plans and Interventions for Depression and Anxiety Disorders, by Robert L. Leahy, Stephen J. F. Holland, and Lata K. McGinn. However, as the reader we are not sure if this is even a credible source. Since, he does not provide the background of these authors how can we prove they have the authority to support the argument. Lukianoff and Haidt fail to mention the legitimacy of the authority which, in my perspective weakens their argument. They also claim Republicans andRead MoreClincal Depression Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesClincal Depression Depression is a very common disease that will affect a large percentage of the population at some point during their life span. At least 10% of all people will suffer from a major depressive disorder, while even a larger percentage will suffer from some type of mild depression. It is a serious disease that has been linked to other physical and mental illnesses. It has also been a cause of death in numerous cases due to suicide and heart disease. The most disturbing factRead MoreDepression Essay : Depression : The Causes Of Depression893 Words   |  4 PagesDepression Depression affects many people in today’s society for a number of reasons. Depression is a serious disorder, numerous people are affected by it. However, there are places to go that give help that people with depression need. To begin, depression is a disorder that affects a great deal of people. According to Mayo Clinic, â€Å"Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest† (â€Å"Overview,† n.d.). There are many causes to why people have depressionRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreSymptoms And Treatments Of Depression1274 Words   |  6 PagesDepression is a major issue affecting many in a person’s everyday life. There are many ways to combat depression, whether it be medication such as antidepressants or therapeutic treatments such as psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy or even herbal remedies. (â€Å"Diseases and Disorders: Depression†). Antidepressants temporarily stop depression, but since the side effects can be harmful or life threatening, alternative treatments are a much safer and efficient way to combat depression Read MoreEssay On Adolescent Depressive Disorder1476 Words   |  6 PagesChild Adolescent depressive disorder treatment Today review evidence-based treatment fashion in Children and adolescents. We will also review new Suicide Prevention guidelines Slide three old medication should be considered off-label I have the approval is mentioned 4 Prevalence of major depressive disorder in Children and adolescents 7.7% of 8.8% of children having severe impairment prevalence in children is 2% ulta female Day short is about to Mom adolescent is 4 - 8% would male to female ratio

Relationship Between The And Of The Public s Eye By Rob...

Relationships can be hard as is, and having it in the public’s eye while having a reality show makes it that much harder. So this is to Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna, I know the both of you have been bumpy throughout your short and fast-moving relationship. Thankfully, there are ways to explain how to succeed in a relationship including duration, anxiety reduction, variability, revelation, being mutually interdependent, proximity, and the fact that relationships are systemic. However, on the other hand, idealization vs realization, perfect unity vs journey, privacy vs openness, happiness vs unhappiness, dependence vs independence, altruism vs selfishness, and love vs comfort are sticky situations that can pull both of you apart. It’s a fact that most Hollywood couples don’t have long-lasting, healthy relationships. Especially Rob, it definitely runs in the family to not have successful relationships. Firstly, and personally the most important in this situation, i s revelation. With this new, hit reality TV show, it seems like every aspect of the relationship the two of you are in, is out in the open. Watching an episode of â€Å"Rob and Chyna†, I was appalled to see how much the two of you exposed each other. Revelation is when you share sentimental, and confidential aspects of your life. For example, Rob, you being nervous about being a father, should be between you and your wife. With the millions of viewers knowing this secret and nervousness you hold, it makes your wife and

A Girl with a Pearl Earring Free Essays

Samantha Fain Dr. Elizabeth Wise CHM 165 3/15/2012 Book Report: Girl with a Pearl Earring The Girl with a Pearl Earring is a historical fictional novel about the famous painting created by the artist Johannes Vermeer. The story takes place in the 17th century in Delft, Holland. We will write a custom essay sample on A Girl with a Pearl Earring or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel chronicles the actions that led up to the painting of Girl with a Pearl Earring. The subject of the painting is a young girl named Griet, who goes to live with Johannes Vermeer’s family and be a second maid to their growing household. Vermeer really introduces Griet to the world of paint and even goes as far as to employ her as his assistant. Vermeer did not waste any time showing his new assistant, Griet, how to mix paints. Vermeer started off by sending Griet to pick up materials to grind up and make his paints. Vermeer showed Griet how to make paint by grinding up different materials with a muller. Griet finds she is not as quick as the artist, but Vermeer mentions that some materials are easier than others to grind. Griet often rubs the paste in between her fingers to check for consistency. Also, the finer the materials were ground, the brighter the colors. Vermeer often used linseed oil and white lead, and bones while creating his paints. Most things in everyday life are made up of many colors that the average person never takes the time to notice. Vermeer first explains this to Griet when he is pointing out the colors of the clouds. Many people would describe clouds as plain white, but Vermeer and Griet point out that many colors make up clouds and they are not pure white. Vermeer carries this thought throughout all his paintings. Vermeer focuses on great tones and hues in his painting making him stand apart from other artists of his time. Light is very important to the painting process, but Vermeer put a special focus on the way that light can affect paint. Vermeer’s studio was where he spent most of his time and it had to be just so. The windows were kept dirty because the dirt buildup changed the amount of light in the room, and Vermeer was particular about how much light he let in. Vermeer’s paintings showed his knowledge of light because he used it to bring much realism to his work. The use of Camera obscura is another one of Vermeer’s techniques. A Camera obscura is an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. Vermeer showed the Camera obscura to Griet and took the opportunity to get closer to her as they look through the small hole. The Camera obscura helps to see composition and color. Sometimes, a camera Obscura is used to trace the outline of the paint onto the canvas. All in all, Vermeer was an artist ahead of his time who employed many different painting techniques that were revolutionary at the time. By Vermeer taking on Griet as an assistant he introduced her to the world of paint and how it can affect people’s perceptions in everyday life. Griet never thought being a maid and assistant to Vermeer would lead to infamous painting that is called today’s Dutch Mona Lisa. How to cite A Girl with a Pearl Earring, Essay examples

Report on Strategic Management of Caribbean Airlines

Question: Describe about the Report on Strategic Management Principles and Practices of the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago? Answer: Executive Summary: The report is based on the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago. It provides us information about the strategic management of the organization. The report identifies three or four management challenges. It also provides the measures to address those identified challenges with the application of useful theories. Lastly, the report ends with a vivid conclusion and recommendation. Introduction: The report has been created with an emphasis upon the Caribbean airlines at Trinidad and Tobago. It provides us information about the strategic management of the organization. The report identifies three or four management challenges. It also provides the measures to address those identified challenges with the application of useful theories. There are other important information that are provided in the report. Finally the report ends with a vivid conclusion and recommendations. In and around the Caribbean region, transport through airline is quite essential for transportation of passengers as well as freight. The airline industry includes airports as well as ground facilities including the airplane and air control system. Despite the fact that the airline industry is operative only across small economies of island, it is said to offer key contribution of economic as well as social relation amidst countries, people and culture. These relations significantly offer employment by enacting as a catalyst which increases efficiency of business and that of productivity as the accessibility towards suppliers as well as customers is made more convenient. Company Background: The Caribbean Airlines that operate in the Caribbean region is considered the flag carrier as well as national airline of Trinidad and Tobago. It operates both in Caribbean and Air Jamaica brands at a same time. The airline is even a flag carrier to Jamaica with governmental stake of 16% in the airline ownership(Abdelghany and Abdelghany, 2007). Despite the fact that the airline industry is operative only across small economies of island, it is said to offer key contribution of economic as well as social relation amidst countries, people and culture. The company in association with the Caribbean Star is regarded as the largest airlines in the region. These two have been competing with each other since a very long time. There has been a proposal for merging up with LIAT that would increase the market share of the company as well as its competitive advantages(Semercioz and Kocer, 2004). Strategic choices Value creation: Corporate Strategy: The Caribbean airline industry has faced much share of bankruptcy since its establishment in 1974. The airline industry remains still as a government owned firm that is what several critics relate to the situation of financial crisis. While in one hand, all other airlines around the world are adopting the path of privatization, this airline is only partially privatized to different governments with the Barbados, being the largest shareholders (Albers, Koch and Ruff, 2005). This situation is quite critical as Barbados has its personal airline named REDjet that they wish to operate at the same region. The airline industry is now facing some issues that were previously considered to be impossible to get into complete privatization. For acquiring this objective, the Antigua airline had privatized only its part of ownership but yet its operations are not harmonized. The bankruptcy issue of the firm has been dealt with multiple changes such as rescheduling payment system with third party creditors, developing new business model, expanding from 11 to 13 Dash 8, appointing a new CEO, developing new commercial department, and eliminating city ticketing offices along with other cost-reduction measures (Benady, 2009). Competitive Strategy: The company in association with the Caribbean Star is regarded as the largest airlines in the region. These two have been competing with each other since a very long time. There has been a proposal for merging up with LIAT that would increase the market share of the company as well as its competitive advantages. Right now, the route networks for the merger are under discussion d as of now all flights are operated under the name of LIAT flights (Bowen, 2002). This imparted a greater foundation to the LIAT airline. The Caribbean airline must consider getting privatized. In the recent situation, majority of the most successful airlines are owned privately. This concept of privatization permits overseas investment by means of strategic alliances. This must anyway be restricted for avoiding exposure of the national tourism industry. Competitive advantage: Having faced the bumpy ride where the company suffered from acute bankruptcy, there arose the need for the firm to get upon the track as well as settle every debt for minimizing its expenses (US airlines try biofuels, 2012). It was reflected during the global recession effects of 2007 that witnessed the firm planning a merger with the Caribbean Star which used to be its closest competitor. On other hand, the firm has constantly reduced its cost by removing city ticketing offices as well as other cost reduction strategies to pursue its competitive advantage (Chao and Kao, 2015). This approach along with some other mergers has given a strong foundation to the company with increased number of scheduled destinations. Competitive rivalry: No business is completely free of competition. The reason is that it draws customers and the lesser a firm places its products, the more is the gain by customers. But, the airline industry is not regarding price, rather how effective strategies have been leveraged into the services. Challenges faced by the Caribbean airline industry: The airline industry is now facing some issues that were previously considered to be impossible to get into complete privatization. For acquiring this objective, the Antigua airline had privatized only its part of ownership but yet its operations are not harmonized. The airline operational in Jamaica have been hit quite hard with increased competition upon the routes as well as rising prices of fuel(Lamberg, Savage and Pajunen, 2003). The general manager of the airline, Clive Forbes, has agreed that the entity is attempting to remain in a viable state of mind. The company has been facing difficult environment as well as competitive pressure. It continuously fights for acquiring market share, with given conditions of rise in fuel price, competitive nature of routes outside Jamaica, etc. The only long-haul destination of Caribbean airline from Port of Spain to UK is placed on an uneven ground as depicted in one of the publications of the government of Trinidad and Tobago stating that the route to London has not been that profitable. Air Jamaica, purchased by Caribbean in 2012 had been losing several million services and gradually dropped the route. The Caribbean airline is faced with intense competition from North America routes since JetBlue had launched flights from Spain to Fort Lauderdale (Lawton, Rajwani and O'Kane, 2011). Before the launch of JetBlue, the airline industry of Caribbean enjoyed a monopoly upon this route. The prices of the tickets had been lowering significantly. The launch of JetBlue in the similar route has resulted in the tough competition whereby the monopoly route of Caribbean has been captured by a market that has remarkable presence and service offering at low price. The major owner of Caribbean is the government of Trinidad and Tobago, with a minor stake of Jamaican government in the carrier industry. Acquiring of Air Jamaica by Caribbean was of no success factor. The recent case of failure has been that of the protests of the pilots from carriers for not receiving incentives owed to them (Lazzarini, 2007). There has been another report saying that the government of Trinidad and Tobago would be merging with the government of Bahamas. Owing to the history of merger track record, it would not be a good idea to accompany another such merging. There can be situation of political as well as commercial complexity that may lead to new problems (Johnson, et al., 2014). The Caribbean airline has been facing several challenges on every front network, financial aspects, and labor factors. Almost four years later of the acquisition of Air Jamaica, the developed scale by the two carriers that could have imparted some stability has actually make it a reality. This was basically due to the illogical decisions made by the previous managerial teams of Caribbean airline (Mallikarjun, 2015). Under the control of a different management it was not effectively decided upon to place the airline upon a path of stability without the impact of a government which still aspires to be in the forefront. The dreams have been shattered. Now, at the present situation, the owners of the Caribbean airlines need to emphasize their focus upon the market realities which the airline has been facing incurring loss through long haul flights, increased pressure upon the core routes towards North America. Other challenges include economic sustainability as well as efficiency. Increased economic integration demands airlift, capacity issues, route to effect positively upon CARICOM nations trade as well as tourism. Some regional governments have been criticizing the government o Trinidad and Tobago to apply unfair subsidy towards Caribbean airlines that violate the rules of the trade (Mudde and Sopariwala, n.d.). Strategies to combat challenges: Admitting to lack of effective communication, the Caribbean airline has been seeking for mending relationships as well as winning back the travelers of Air Jamaica. Quality of services and lack of effective management have been leading to the downfall of the airline industry. Passengers have been complaining about counter personnel at the airport(Palese et al., 2012). However, the customers prefer travelling by the Caribbean airline because of the one unchanged factor that they possess is the free two=piece luggage policy. It is also the only airline that provides senior as well as child discount. Now, at the present situation, the owners of the Caribbean airlines need to emphasize their focus upon the market realities which the airline has been facing incurring loss through long haul flights, increased pressure upon the core routes towards North America (Pierson and Sterman, 2013). The government plays a key role here. The introduction of an innovative air traffic system is effective in maintenance of increased operational levels. Improvements in the infrastructure have led to the speeding up of the implementation of strategic plans. Developments in technology would be beneficial for leading to joint efforts. Greater cooperation as well as transparency amidst all stakeholders can be effective measure. Conclusion: It has been identified from the report that the company has been suffering from various problems associated with transportation within the region. It is also said to be incurring losses due to the ownership of the government. Most of the passengers and global customers complain about the poor services offered by the airline industry. Besides, other issues are lost luggage, poor customer services, etc. The Company should have also proceeded with alliances with other international airlines. Recommendations: The option of getting into alliance with Caribbean Star is lucrative, with consideration of further alliances to be even more beneficial. This would impact upon economic benefits owing to productivity, enhanced customer services that impart competitive advantage, reduction of cost resulting from lounge facilities share, code and terminal share amidst others. Alliance would even enable the firm to penetrate new markets that were previously restricted for other local airlines(Rajasekar and Fouts, 2009). The Caribbean airline must consider getting privatized. In the recent situation, majority of the most successful airlines are owned privately. This concept of privatization permits overseas investment by means of strategic alliances. This must anyway be restricted for avoiding exposure of the national tourism industry(Schermerhorn, 2000). Some issues in the airline transport of the specific region involve market invasion by foreign airlines that are threatening. The company must conside r invading the international market by means of alliance or by itself(Johnson, et al., 2014). The Company must also evaluate its performance each year. Ineffective leadership has resulted in the issues of bankruptcy as well as spoilt images of the firm. This has resulted in the series of failure in revenue growth as well as profitability and lack of competitive sustainability. References Abdelghany, A. and Abdelghany, K. (2007). Evaluating airlines ticket distribution strategies: a simulation-based approach.International Journal of Revenue Management, 1(3), p.231. Albers, S., Koch, B. and Ruff, C. (2005). Strategic alliances between airlines and airportstheoretical assessment and practical evidence.Journal of Air Transport Management, 11(2), pp.49-58. Benady, D. (2009). Trouble in the air for Virgin (airlines).Strategic Direction, 25(3). Bowen, J. (2002). Network Change, Deregulation, and Access in the Global Airline Industry*.Economic Geography, 78(4), pp.425-439. Chao, C. and Kao, K. (2015). Selection of strategic cargo alliance by airlines.Journal of Air Transport Management, 43, pp.29-36. Lamberg, J., Savage, G. and Pajunen, K. (2003). Strategic stakeholder perspective to ESOP negotiations: the case of United Airlines.Management Decision, 41(4), pp.383-393. Lawton, T., Rajwani, T. and O'Kane, C. (2011). Strategic reorientation and business turnaround: the case of global legacy airlines.Journal of Strategy and Mgt, 4(3), pp.215-237. Lazzarini, S. (2007). The impact of membership in competing alliance constellations: Evidence on the operational performance of global airlines.Strat. Mgmt. J., 28(4), pp.345-367. Mallikarjun, S. (2015). Efficiency of US airlines: A strategic operating model.Journal of Air Transport Management, 43, pp.46-56. Mudde, P. and Sopariwala, P. (n.d.). Relative Strategic Variance Analysis: The Case of American Airlines.SSRN Journal. Palese, A., Colognese, S., Pellicciari, C. and Mecugni, D. (2012). Implementation Strategies of Measurement Instruments and Their Validity as Adopted in Italian Hospital Nursing Practice: An Italian Cross-Sectional Study.International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 23(2), pp.75-85. Pierson, K. and Sterman, J. (2013). Cyclical dynamics of airline industry earnings.System Dynamics Review, 29(3), pp.129-156. Rajasekar, J. and Fouts, P. (2009). Strategic alliances as a competitive strategy.International Journal of Commerce and Management, 19(2), pp.93-114. Schermerhorn, J. (2000). Vietnam Airlines' CEO Dao Manh Nhuong on strategic leadership.Academy of Management Perspectives, 14(4), pp.16-19. Semercioz, F. and Kocer, B. (2004). Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry: An Analysis of Turkish Airlines Experience.Journal of Transnational Management Development, 9(2-3), pp.29-45. US airlines try biofuels. (2012).International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 4(1). Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K. and Angwin, D. (2014).Exploring Strategy: Texts and Cases. 10th ed.

The Fifteenth President Essays - Presidency Of James Buchanan

The 15th President : James Buchanan was born in a log cabin on April 23, 1791. His parents, James Buchanan and Elizabeth (Speer) Buchanan were Irish immigrants who had made a successful life for themselves as merchants in rural Pennsylvania. James was the second of eleven children and the oldest boy.(Uher) Always eager to learn, he was privately tutored at home, and then he attended the village academy. He later studied law and graduated from Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Soon after the War of 1812, Buchanan's venture into politics began. He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives at age 23 and served from 1814-1819. In spite of a recent personal scandal, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1820. Buchanan served ten years as a Congressman from Pennsylvania (1821-1831). In 1832, President Jackson made him Ambassador to Russia, where he served 2 years. James Buchanan was well suited to the foreign posting. The two nations had been unable to negotiate a trade treaty, and Buchanan's legal skill enabled him to broker an agreement. In 1833,after returning from St. Petersburg he won a U.S. Senate seat. He served in the Senate from 1834-1845. President Polk named him to be the Secretary of State, from 1845-1849. When he did not win the Presidential nomination in 1852, President Pierce appointed him Ambassador to the Court of King James in England. He served in London, until the election of 1856. By the time Buchanan returned to Washington, slavery had become an important issue in American politics. He objected to slavery personally, but viewed the abolitionist movement as a greater threat to the Union. He claimed that the Constitution upheld the right of Southerners to own slaves and saw it as America's duty to protect slavery in the South. In 1856 Buchanan became the Democratic candidate for president. Having been a long time member of Congress and envoys to Russia and England, Buchanan had many political assets. He was a smooth, pleasantly dull conservative from the North with Southern support. Buchanan was the last president to support a legal recognition of slavery. When he took office the country remained dangerously divided between pro- and anti-slavery states, and he hoped to ease tensions. The situation was further inflamed, however, just two days into his term with the Supreme Court?s Dred Scott decision. The court declared that slaves and their descendents were property, not citizens. Furthermore, the court declared that the government could not dictate a white citizen?s right to own slaves based on where he lived. As a result, Northerners vowed to fight the decision and Southerners threatened to secede.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) In 1819, Buchanan became engaged to Anne Coleman, the daughter of a Philadelphia millionaire. She broke off the engagement after there was some speculation that Buchanan was only marrying her for her money. Coleman died a few days later, possibly a suicide . The physician's records list her cause of death as an overdose of laudanum, an opiate. Buchanan was not allowed to attend the funeral and his letter of sympathy was returned unopened by her father. James Buchanan swore "never to marry in honor of her memory."."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Although he remained a bachelor, James Buchanan did not lack for family life. When he was elected president he took his grown niece Harriet Lane, an attractive and popular woman in her twenties to be White house hostess. Buchanan loved to entertain and the White House saw a social season that rivaled the days of Julia Tyler.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Numerous social events filled the ballrooms, and a Washington frightened by the impending war was only too glad to enjoy the hospitality While in Washington, Buchanan's "room mate" was Senator Rufus King of New York. The two men were virtually inseparable and were rumored to be lovers. They shared a house and a bedroom (this apparently was not uncommon for the time.) There are many written references of the close relationship and Historian James Loewen supports the theory that Buchanan and King were lovers. He notes that the two were referred to around Washington as "Siamese twins" which was contemporary slang for gay couples. Professor Loewen goes so far

The Last Night That She Lived by Emily Dickinson

The Last Night That She Lived by Emily Dickinson Almost every poem has an attitude that explains us the poem to give us a better understanding. The use of language and the style of the poem also lead us to being comfortable with the text. In this poem, the title "The Last Night that She Lived" already hints us about the somber attitude ahead.As we start off with the poem, the first stanza gives it to us, that a death has occurred in a normally Common Night. The meaning of the two capitalized letters C in common and N in night tells us that a night which is usually common, something different has occurred. The C and the N gives emphasis to both words to make us notice the difference as it comes ahead.In the next paragraph, there is a slight change of tone where the viewers of this scene are looking at the lady and remembering the littlest things that didn't mean much before.leisure world luton